Demographic and causal patterns in child cyclist head Injuries: Informing helmet test methods

William Dawber, Claire Baker, David Sharp, S Agrawal, Mazdak Ghajari

Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2026

Abstract

• We conducted a meta -analysis of 48,000 + child cyclist head injury cases. • Identified injury patterns differ from those in current helmet test standards. • Boys, ages 10–13 years, and injury due to loss of control were most common. • Motor vehicle collisions were much more common in severe injury data. • Helmet protection appears reduced for severe head injuries in children. Children’s cycle helmets are certified using the same impact conditions as adult helmets, which can overlook important factors contributing to child head injuries. Our objective is to identify common patterns in traumatic brain injury pathologies, age, sex, riding environment, cause of injury, helmet use, and helmet injury reduction in child cyclists to inform child-specific test methods. We reviewed 48,074 head injury cases in cyclists under 17 years across 24 studies. An aggregate data meta -analysis was conducted to identify recurring patterns overall and in studies with a high proportion of severe injuries (n = 3,542 cases). Cases most often involved male riders (71.8%, CI: 71.6–72.1%), aged 10–13 years (40.2%, CI: 39.1–41.3%), occurring on paved roads (75.0%, CI: 74.2–75.9%) without prior collision…

Cite as (BibTeX)

@article{dawber-2026-demographic-and-causal-patterns,
  title={Demographic and causal patterns in child cyclist head Injuries: Informing helmet test methods},
  author={William Dawber and Claire Baker and David Sharp and S Agrawal and Mazdak Ghajari},
  journal={Accident Analysis & Prevention},
  year={2026},
  doi={10.1016/j.aap.2026.108545}
}